What is the general definition of a catalyst in biological processes?

In biological processes, a catalyst is defined as a substance that accelerates chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. This characteristic is essential in many biochemical pathways because it allows reactions to occur at a faster rate, which is crucial for sustaining life and maintaining metabolic functions.

Enzymes, which are biological catalysts, lower the activation energy required for a reaction to take place, making it easier for reactants to transform into products. This increased reaction rate facilitates essential processes such as digestion, respiration, and energy production within cells.

The other options refer to different functions that are not the primary role of a catalyst. Slowing down reactions or neutralizing harmful substances involves different mechanisms and roles that do not align with the definition of a catalyst. Additionally, while energy storage is an important aspect of biological systems, it relates more to the role of molecules like ATP rather than the action of a catalyst.